05 — Library · 31 data concepts

Data

The business information objects an organization keeps records of, who masters them and who uses them.

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Data

Showing 9 of 31 data concepts

DC-090
Bill of Materials
Product
BOM · Recipe · Formula
The structured list of components, quantities and revisions that make up a product, used to cost, plan, build and service it.
Note · Engineering, manufacturing and service bills differ for good reasons; changes to them should flow through one engineering change process.
- parent product
- component
- quantity
- revision
- effectivity
- usage type
Mastered by · Specification & Configuration Management
Used by · Engineering Change Control,Supply Planning,Production Scheduling,Cost & Profitability Analysis
Related · Product
DC-280
Business Application
Technology
Application
A software system the business uses to perform its work, recorded once in the portfolio with its owners, the capabilities it supports, its lifecycle stage and its cost.
Note · In ServiceNow CSDM terms the portfolio record, distinct from the running instances (application services) that operations manage.
- application id
- name
- business owner
- technical owner
- capabilities supported
- lifecycle stage
- cost
Mastered by · Application & Technology Architecture
Used by · Technology Financial Management,Configuration Management & CMDB,Security Governance & Risk,Portfolio Planning & Balancing
Announced by · Change Approved,Release Deployed,Configuration Item Changed,Access Granted,Architecture Decision Recorded,Change Failed
Related · Configuration Item
Terms · Business Application,Application Service,Application Portfolio
DC-240
Case
Operations
Ticket · Inquiry
A customer's or employee's question, complaint or request for help, tracked from first contact to resolution with its category, priority, history and outcome.
Note · A case is about a person needing help; an incident is about a service that is broken. One case can lead to an incident, and many cases to one.
- case id
- requester
- category
- priority
- channel
- status
- resolution
Mastered by · Case Logging & Routing
Used by · Case Resolution,Service Operations & Quality,Experience Measurement,Employee Inquiry & Case Handling
Announced by · Outage Detected,Major Event Declared,Gas Leak Made Safe,Invoice Disputed
Related · Customer,Incident
DC-270
Configuration Item
Technology
CI
A component that has to be managed to deliver a service (an application, server, database or network device) recorded with its attributes and its relationships to other items and services.
Note · Worth recording only where a process uses it; relationships matter more than attribute completeness.
- ci id
- class
- name
- owner
- environment
- operational status
- relationships
Mastered by · Configuration Management & CMDB
Used by · Incident & Problem Management,Change Enablement,Infrastructure & Endpoint Protection,IT Asset & License
Announced by · Incident Logged,Major Incident Declared,Service Restored,Change Approved,Release Deployed,Configuration Item Changed,Change Failed
Related · Business Application,Incident
Terms · Configuration Item,CMDB
DC-070
Consent
Party
Preference · Permission
A person's recorded permission, or refusal, for a specific use of their data or a specific kind of contact, with when and how it was given and when it expires or was withdrawn.
Note · Must be checked at the moment of use, not copied into each campaign list; a withdrawn consent has to stop every channel at once.
- subject
- purpose
- channel
- status
- captured at
- source
- expiry
Mastered by · Preference & Consent Management
Used by · Campaign Execution,Customer Data & Segmentation,Compliance Monitoring & Testing
Related · Customer,Contact
DC-040
Contact
Party
A named person the enterprise deals with on behalf of a customer, supplier or partner, with their role, channels and communication preferences.
Note · Kept separate from the organization it belongs to; a person can be a contact for several accounts and change employers.
- contact id
- name
- role
- organization
- email
- phone
- preferences
Mastered by · Account Management,Supplier Master Data
Used by · Campaign Execution,Contact & Case Handling,Preference & Consent Management
Announced by · Lead Qualified,Customer Onboarded
Related · Customer,Consent
DC-120
Contract
Commercial
Agreement
A legally binding agreement with a customer, supplier or partner, with its parties, term, obligations, pricing and renewal conditions.
Note · The signed document and the structured record of its obligations are both needed; only the record can trigger renewals and price changes on time.
- contract id
- parties
- type
- effective and end dates
- value
- obligations
- renewal terms
Mastered by · Contract Lifecycle,Sales Contract Execution
Used by · Contracts & Commercial Law,Revenue Recognition,Discounts & Deal Pricing,Invoice Processing
Announced by · Contract Signed,Revenue Recognized,Contract Expired
Related · Customer,Supplier,Price
DC-210
Cost Center
Finance
An internal unit to which costs are charged and against which budgets are set and spending is reported.
Note · Usually owned by finance but created when the organization changes; the two hierarchies need a deliberate mapping.
- cost center id
- name
- owner
- parent
- legal entity
- valid from and to
Mastered by · Chart of Accounts
Used by · Budgeting & Long-Range Planning,Cost Allocation,Non-PO Invoice Approval,Technology Financial Management
Announced by · Purchase Requisition Approved,Position Opened,Payroll Run Completed,Asset Commissioned,Investment Approved
Related · Organization Unit,General Ledger Account
DC-010
Customer
Party
Client · Customer Account
A person or organization that buys, or may buy, from the enterprise, with the identifiers, contacts and relationships needed to sell to, serve and bill them consistently across every channel.
Note · Often split across sales, service and billing systems that each think they own it; one capability should master the identity and the rest reference it.
- customer id
- legal name
- type
- contacts
- addresses
- account hierarchy
- status
Mastered by · Customer Profile Unification
Used by · Account Management,Contact & Case Handling,Customer Invoicing,Order Capture & Validation,Personalization & Lifecycle Engagement
Announced by · Lead Qualified,Quote Issued,Contract Signed,Order Placed,Invoice Issued,Payment Received,Meter Read Validated,Utility Bill Issued,Opportunity Won,Customer Onboarded,Invoice Disputed,Contract Expired
Related · Contact,Sales Order,Contract
Terms · Master Data,System of Record
DC-290
Digital Identity
Technology
Account · User ID
An account or credential that lets a person, service or device authenticate to systems, with its owner, entitlements and lifecycle status.
Note · Should be derived from the worker, customer or device record it represents; an identity with no owning record is a finding.
- identity id
- subject
- type
- entitlements
- authentication methods
- status
- last review
Mastered by · Identity Lifecycle
Used by · Authentication,Access Governance,Privileged Access Management,Threat Detection & Response
Announced by · Worker Separated,Access Granted
Related · Worker,Customer
DC-220
General Ledger Account
Finance
GL Account · Chart of Accounts Entry
An account in the chart of accounts that classifies financial transactions for reporting, with its type, reporting mapping and the rules for posting to it.
- account number
- name
- type
- reporting line
- posting rules
- status
Mastered by · Chart of Accounts
Used by · Financial Reporting & Disclosure,Management Reporting & Variance Analysis,Tax Accounting & Provision,Account Reconciliation
Announced by · Revenue Recognized,Period Closed,Financial Statements Published
Related · Cost Center,Payment
DC-260
Incident
Technology
An unplanned interruption or degradation of a service, recorded with the service and configuration items affected, its impact, the response and the cause once known.
- incident id
- affected service
- configuration items
- impact
- urgency
- timeline
- resolution
Mastered by · Incident Resolution
Used by · Problem Investigation,Service Level & Performance,Crisis Management
Announced by · Incident Logged,Major Incident Declared,Service Restored,Security Incident Confirmed,Change Failed
Related · Case,Configuration Item
DC-170
Inventory Balance
Operations
Stock on Hand
The quantity of a product held at a location, by status such as available, reserved or on hold, and where tracked by lot, serial number and expiry.
Note · A balance is derived from movements; record the movements and the balance can always be rebuilt and explained.
- product
- location
- quantity
- status
- lot or serial
- expiry
- as of
Mastered by · Inventory Accuracy & Control
Used by · Availability & Order Promising,Supply Planning,Inventory Policy & Optimization,General Ledger & Close
Announced by · Order Promised,Shipment Dispatched,Goods Received,Reorder Point Reached,Work Order Completed,Return Received
Related · Product,Location
DC-140
Invoice
Finance
Bill
A request for payment, issued to a customer or received from a supplier, listing what was supplied, the amounts and taxes due and the payment terms.
Note · Customer and supplier invoices share a shape but have different masters, controls and risks; do not model them as one record.
- invoice number
- counterparty
- lines
- tax
- total
- due date
- status
Mastered by · Invoice Generation,Invoice Receipt & Capture
Used by · Collections & Dispute Resolution,Supplier Payments,General Ledger & Close,Indirect Tax
Announced by · Invoice Issued,Supplier Invoice Received,Supplier Paid,Payment Received,Revenue Recognized,Utility Bill Issued,Refund Issued,Invoice Disputed
Related · Sales Order,Purchase Order,Payment
DC-230
Legal Entity
Governance
A company or other legal person in the group structure, with its registration, jurisdiction, officers and ownership, which signs contracts, employs people and files taxes.
- entity id
- registered name
- jurisdiction
- registration number
- ownership
- officers
- status
Mastered by · Legal Entity Register
Used by · Intercompany & Consolidation,Direct Tax Compliance,Corporate & Transactional Law,Delegation of Authority
Announced by · Period Closed,Financial Statements Published,Investment Approved
Related · Organization Unit,Contract
DC-180
Location
Operations
Site · Facility
A physical place the enterprise operates, ships to or from, or holds assets at, with its address, coordinates, type and the organization responsible for it.
Note · Site, building, warehouse and storage bin are usually levels of one location hierarchy rather than separate lists.
- location id
- name
- type
- address
- coordinates
- parent location
- responsible unit
Mastered by · Real Estate & Portfolio Strategy
Used by · Logistics Network Design,Inbound Operations,Asset Register & Lifecycle,Access Control & Credentialing
Announced by · Reorder Point Reached,Asset Commissioned,Outage Detected,Supply Restored,Major Event Declared,Gas Leak Made Safe
Related · Inventory Balance,Physical Asset
DC-060
Organization Unit
Workforce
Department · Org Unit
A department, team or business unit in the internal structure, with its parent, manager and the cost center that carries its spending.
Note · The management hierarchy, the legal entity structure and the cost center hierarchy rarely match; each needs its own record and a mapping between them.
- unit id
- name
- parent unit
- manager
- cost center
- legal entity
- effective dates
Mastered by · Structure & Reporting Design
Used by · Budgeting & Long-Range Planning,Access Governance,Employee Records & Data Changes
Announced by · Position Opened,Worker Started,Worker Transferred
Related · Position,Cost Center,General Ledger Account
DC-200
Payment
Finance
Money moved to or from the enterprise, with the payer, payee, amount, method and the invoices or accounts it settles.
- payment id
- payer
- payee
- amount
- currency
- method
- value date
- settled items
Mastered by · Payment Execution
Used by · Payment Matching,Supplier Payments,Cash & Liquidity Management,Account Reconciliation
Announced by · Payment Authorized,Supplier Paid,Payment Received,Payroll Run Completed,Refund Issued
Related · Invoice,General Ledger Account
DC-190
Physical Asset
Asset
Equipment
A piece of equipment or infrastructure the enterprise owns or operates and maintains, with its place in the asset hierarchy, location, condition, criticality and maintenance history.
Note · The maintenance view (an asset in service) and the finance view (a fixed asset on the books) are different records that should share an identifier.
- asset id
- description
- class
- parent asset
- location
- criticality
- condition
- status
Mastered by · Asset Hierarchy & Master Data
Used by · Maintenance Strategy & Planning,Maintenance Execution,Condition Monitoring & Reliability,Asset Capitalization
Announced by · Asset Commissioned,Work Order Completed,Asset Failure Detected,Asset Retired,Outage Detected,Supply Restored,Meter Read Validated,Gas Leak Made Safe
Related · Location,Work Order
DC-310
Policy
Governance
An approved statement of rules the enterprise holds people and systems to, with its owner, scope, version, approval and review date.
- policy id
- title
- owner
- scope
- version
- approved on
- review date
Mastered by · Policy Authoring & Approval
Used by · Compliance Program & Training,HR Policy Management,IT Policy & Decision Rights,Security Governance & Risk
Announced by · Risk Identified,Control Failed,Policy Published
Related · Risk
DC-050
Position
Workforce
A budgeted seat in the organization with its job, grade, location and reporting line, which exists whether or not someone currently fills it.
Note · Confused with the worker who holds it; separating the two is what makes vacancy, headcount and succession planning possible.
- position id
- job
- grade
- organization unit
- location
- reports to
- budget status
Mastered by · Position Record Keeping
Used by · Requisition & Candidate Selection,Succession Planning,Workforce Demand Forecasting
Announced by · Position Opened,Offer Accepted,Worker Started,Worker Separated,Worker Transferred
Related · Worker,Organization Unit
DC-100
Price
Commercial
Price List Entry
The amount the enterprise charges for a product or service in a given currency, market and channel, with the period it applies and the rules or agreements behind it.
Note · List prices, contract prices and discounts are different records; the realized price is only known once all three are applied.
- product
- price list
- currency
- amount
- valid from and to
- market or channel
- agreement
Mastered by · Price Book Maintenance
Used by · Quoting & Contracting,Customer Invoicing,Pricing Analytics & Compliance,Order Capture & Validation
Announced by · Quote Issued,Contract Signed,Product Launched,Price Changed,Opportunity Won
Related · Product,Sales Order
DC-080
Product
Product
Item · SKU · Material
An item or service the enterprise sells, with its identifier, hierarchy, variants and the attributes channels need to describe, configure, price and fulfill it.
Note · The engineering view of a product and the commercial view are often mastered in different places; the product identifier is what joins them.
- product id
- name
- hierarchy
- variants
- unit of measure
- lifecycle status
- attributes
Mastered by · Product Identification
Used by · Price Setting & Maintenance,Quoting & Contracting,Inventory Accuracy & Control,Order Capture & Validation,Channel Product Content
Announced by · Quote Issued,Order Placed,Return Requested,Purchase Order Issued,Reorder Point Reached,Product Launched,Product Retired,Price Changed,Opportunity Won,Return Received
Related · Bill of Materials,Price,Service Offering
Terms · Master Data
DC-130
Purchase Order
Commercial
PO
The enterprise's commitment to buy specific goods or services from a supplier at agreed prices and terms, against which receipts and supplier invoices are matched.
- po number
- supplier
- lines
- prices
- delivery dates
- cost assignment
- status
Mastered by · Purchase Order Processing
Used by · Goods Receipt & Supplier Returns,Invoice Matching,Inbound Operations,Forecasting
Announced by · Supplier Invoice Received,Purchase Requisition Approved,Purchase Order Issued,Goods Received
Related · Supplier,Invoice
DC-300
Risk
Governance
A described uncertainty that could affect objectives, recorded with its owner, cause, consequence, rating, the controls that address it and how it is trending.
- risk id
- title
- owner
- category
- likelihood
- impact
- controls
- treatment status
Mastered by · Risk Identification
Used by · Risk Response & Controls,Risk Monitoring & Reporting,Risk-Based Audit Planning,Security Governance & Risk
Announced by · Security Incident Confirmed,Risk Identified,Control Failed
Related · Policy
DC-110
Sales Order
Commercial
Customer Order
A customer's confirmed request to buy specific products or services, with quantities, prices, delivery terms and the status of each line through to fulfillment.
Note · An order is not an invoice and not a shipment; keeping the three as separate records is what lets partial fulfillment and billing work.
- order id
- customer
- lines
- prices
- requested date
- ship-to
- status
Mastered by · Order Capture & Validation
Used by · Fulfillment Orchestration,Shipment Planning & Execution,Customer Invoicing,Demand Forecasting
Announced by · Order Placed,Payment Authorized,Order Promised,Shipment Dispatched,Delivery Confirmed,Order Canceled,Return Requested,Invoice Issued,Return Received,Refund Issued
Related · Customer,Price,Shipment,Contract
DC-150
Service Offering
Product
A packaged service with a defined scope, level and price that a customer or internal consumer can order or subscribe to.
Note · In ServiceNow CSDM terms this is the level under a Business Service or Technology Management Service (Technical Service before CSDM 5) where commitments, support routing and catalog requests attach.
- offering id
- service
- scope
- service level
- availability hours
- price or charge model
- owner
Mastered by · Service Offering Definition,Service Definition
Used by · Request Fulfillment,Support Model & Entitlement,Service Level & Performance
Announced by · Product Launched,Product Retired
Related · Product,Legal Entity
Terms · Service Offering,Business Service
DC-160
Shipment
Operations
Consignment · Delivery
Goods moving from one location to another, with what is in it, the carrier, the route, the documents and its tracking events up to proof of delivery.
- shipment id
- origin
- destination
- contents
- carrier
- tracking events
- delivery proof
Mastered by · Dispatch & Shipping Documentation
Used by · Shipment Visibility & Delivery,Order Visibility & Exceptions,Freight Audit & Settlement,Trade Compliance
Announced by · Shipment Dispatched,Delivery Confirmed,Return Requested,Goods Received,Return Received
Related · Sales Order,Inventory Balance,Location
DC-020
Supplier
Party
Vendor
An organization the enterprise buys goods or services from, with its legal identity, qualification status, payment details and the sites it ships from or invoices through.
Note · Supplier bank details change rarely and are a favorite fraud target, so changes need verification separate from the request.
- supplier id
- legal name
- tax id
- qualification status
- remit-to details
- sites
- risk rating
Mastered by · Supplier Master Data
Used by · Requisition & Purchase Order,Invoice Processing,Supplier Performance,Supplier Risk
Announced by · Supplier Invoice Received,Supplier Paid,Purchase Order Issued,Supplier Onboarded,Contract Expired
Related · Purchase Order,Invoice
Terms · Master Data
DC-250
Work Order
Asset
Job
An authorized piece of maintenance or field work on an asset or at a location, with the tasks, materials, labor and completion details needed to plan, do and cost it.
- work order id
- asset or location
- work type
- priority
- tasks
- materials
- labor
- status
Mastered by · Work Scheduling & Assignment
Used by · Work Execution & Completion,Maintenance Materials & Spares,Field & Technical Support,Facilities Work Orders
Announced by · Work Order Completed,Asset Failure Detected
Related · Physical Asset,Location
DC-030
Worker
Workforce
Employee · Personnel Record
Anyone who does work for the enterprise, employee or contingent, with the identity, employment terms, position and organization assignment that payroll, access and scheduling all depend on.
Note · Identity and access systems should consume worker records, not create them; a joiner-mover-leaver process keyed on this record closes most orphaned accounts.
- worker id
- name
- worker type
- position
- organization unit
- manager
- start and end dates
Mastered by · Employee Records & Data Changes
Used by · Payroll,Identity Lifecycle,Learning Delivery & Records,Workforce Analytics
Announced by · Offer Accepted,Worker Started,Payroll Run Completed,Worker Separated,Access Granted,Worker Transferred
Related · Position,Organization Unit

Data

Data

Bill of Materials

Business Application

Case

Configuration Item

Consent

Contact

Contract

Cost Center

Customer

Digital Identity

General Ledger Account

Incident

Inventory Balance

Invoice

Legal Entity

Location

Organization Unit

Payment

Physical Asset

Policy

Position

Price

Product

Purchase Order

Risk

Sales Order

Service Offering

Shipment

Supplier

Work Order

Worker